Description
Carpinus caroliniana
The American Hornbeam (Carpinus caroliniana), also known as Ironwood or Musclewood, is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree native to eastern North America. It typically grows 20–30 feet tall with a dense, rounded crown. The tree is noted for its unique, muscular-looking bark, which has a smooth, grayish appearance that resembles muscle fibers. Its dark green, finely serrated leaves turn vibrant yellow, orange, or red in the fall. In spring, the American Hornbeam produces small, inconspicuous flowers that develop into clusters of fruits. This adaptable tree thrives in a variety of soil conditions, particularly in moist, well-drained areas, and is valued for its ornamental beauty and resilience.
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